Physiological responses of enteromorpha intestinalis [L.] link and caulerpa prolifera [foresk] lamour. to salinity changes differences in osmoacclimation

The effect of hypo-and hyper saline treatments ranging from 15-45% on the tissue water content and the concentrations of some intracellular organic [soluble-carbohydrates, reducing sugars, total and individual free aminoacids, free proline, choline and glyane betaine] and inorganic [Na[+], K[[+]]C1 [+] and Ca[++]] solutes were determined in the marine algae. Enteromorpha intestinalis and Caulerpa prolifera. The differences in osmoacclimation algase were investigated. In both organisms, the tissue water content decreased lineary with the increase of salinity. Except for choline, the concentrations of all other organic and inorganic osmolytes determined were higher in E.intestinalis than in C. prolifera under the same salinity conditions. The contents of free proline, choline, glycine betaine, Na[+], K[+]and C1 [-] increased lineary in both algae with the increase of salinity. Other osmolytes exhibited the same trend under hyperosmotic conditions

Utilization of cow waste for the production of single cell protein from chorale pyrenoidosa chick

Different concentrations of the unconventional culture medium of cow waste extracted under different temperatures [22,100 and 120°C]were used for the production of single cell protein from Chlorella pyrenoidosa [strain 251 UTEX]. Under any of the extraction temperatures utilized, the waste supported a gradually increasing algal growth, reaching maximum at a waste concentration of 1.5% then decreased to a minimum at the highest concentration [4.5%]. However the extract prepared by boiling proved to be the best of all [for maximum growth] under the optimum waste cocentration. The protein amino acid profile showed a marked variation in the alga cultured on both waste and carol synthetic media. A considerable amount of the important amino acid Lysine was recorded in the protein amino acid profile of Chlorella grown on the waste medium comparable to that in the FAO reference protein

Growth performance of chlorella vulgaris in response to the interaction of salinity and natural nitrogen source

Some experiments had been carried out to trace the effect of salinity, cow waste extract and their interaction on the growth and growth rate of chlorella vulgaris under controlled laboratory conditions. The algal growth decreased with the increase in salinization levels. While the reverse trend was observed regarding the growth response of the lest organism to the different concentrations of the waste extract. Under interactive effects of both salinity and waste extract [as a natural nitrogen source], the maximum concentration of the waste extract [1.4] and the minimum salinity applied [50 mM] supported the maximum growth and growth rate of Chlorella. However, the increasing levels of salinity with waste extract were accompanied by gradually decreasing growth values. The presence of the waste in combination with salinity not only delimits the stress of salinity but also promotes the growth of chlorella. The growth variations of Chlorella under the different treatments were highly significant in most cases as had been evaluated by the F-test

Vitamin C in some marine algae from the Mediterranean sea shore or Alexandria

Forty three species of marine algae belonging to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta collected from Alexandria sea shore during the summer season of 1989 were analyzed for their content of vitamin C [Ascorbic acid AA and Dehydroascorbic acid DHA]. The spectrophotometric analyses showed that considerable amounts of vitamin C were observed in the brown algae: Cystoseira tamariscifolia, C. foeniculacea, Dictyot dichotoma and Taenia atomaria [average value 240.6 ug g[-1]fresh weight "f.w."] followed by the green alga Chaetomorpha linum [165.6 ug g[-1]f.w.] and the red alga Corallina mediterranea [141.01 ug g[-1]f.w.]. Generally the brown algae contained the highest amounts of vitamin C. With few exception, most species have DHA higher than AA. The AA/DHA ratio varied considerably from one alga to the other. This ratio may play an important role in controlling the growth of algae

Effect of salinity and temperature variations on growth and contents of soluble sugars and lipids of bryopsis plumosa [Huda] Ag

In this investigation, the effect of salinity and temperature variations on growth, soluble sugars and lipids content of Bryopsis plumosa plants were studied under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that maximum values for growth and contents of total soluble sugars and lipids were found in 35%, S., and 25?C. Salinity seemed to be more effective on lipids content than on sugars content

effect of salinity variations upon growth and organic solute contents of the marine green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis

Changes in simple organic compounds, namely soluble proteins, amino acids, soluble sugars and organic acids of the marine green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis have been examined in response to salinity variations. They were shown to vary in parallel to the external osmotic potential, thus, aiding the maintenance of hydration and turgor. However, the individual components of these organic solutes did not change in a similar manner. Proline, oxaloacetic and monosaccharides reached their maximum values at hypersaline media [45%], while the other individual fractions showed different behaviour, either slight increase or sharp decrease. Dry weight and protein content of the alga attained their maximum values at normal sea-water salinity [35%] which appears to be the most favourable one for growth of Enteromorpha intestinalis plant. At salinity 50%, all sugars, most of the amino acids and all the organic acids except oxaloacetic were at their minimum values

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of nostoc muscorum: a cyanobacterium

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49] has been partially purified from Nostoc muscorum by means of ammonium sulphate precipitation/ fractionation and of exclusion gel filteration/chromatography, and some of its molecular properties were determined. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PDH] of N. muscorum was found to be absolutely NADP-specific. At pH 6.8 Km values of 0.26 mM for glucose-6-phosphate and 1.2 X 10[-5] M of NADP were determined. At higher pH the enzyme behaviour was markedly changed. Transitory initial velocities at different pH values were obvious. The well known factors affecting enzyme activities, such as enzyme substrates and divalent metal concentrations, also effected markedly, the initial velocity transition from hypoactivity to hyperactivity passing through the steady state conditions. The enzyme exhibited a slow response to rapid change in ligand concentrations, a typical property of regulatory enzymes of the hysteretic type. This was apparent in a lag during enzyme assay under steady state conditions. The lag time was found to be a decreasing function to the enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate [G6P] concentration, and the lag increased with increasing NADP concentration. The results do explain the observed nysteretic transition which may be due to molecular transition such as aggregation, polymerization, or conformational changes. However, they are insufficient to explain entire the molecular properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and its theoritical regulatory role. These postulations and others will be revealed in the next article under preparation